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西方作家与评论家对19世纪文学中"颓废"现象的诸种界定,以及对世纪末颓废派文学价值等问题的讨论,与当时主流话语体系对"颓废"内涵的粗浅解读与伦理化攻击形成鲜明对照,并在很大程度上决定了此后西方学者对颓废派文学核心话题的理解与建构。本文基于对诸多关于"颓废"内涵之评析的梳理与辨析,对19世纪西方文学中的"颓废"概念作出两点界定:首先,"颓废"指一种独特的美学选择,或者说是古老文明即将从成熟走向衰败之时的一种独特的文学模式;其次,关涉"退化"观念之"颓废"的美学选择,最终在文学创作层面带来了文学风格与文学主题的革新。
Abstract：Starting from Romanticism period, western writers and critics in nineteenth century thought deeply upon the issue of Literary Decadence which played an increasingly important role in nineteenth-century western literature. Their definitions of the meaning of Decadence along with their discussions about the literary value of Decadent literature, which were on the opposite side of ethical misinterpretations and crude attacks from popular comments, played a leading role in certain degree in the understanding and interpretation of western scholars about nineteenth-century Decadent literature hereafter.
(1)Op.cit.2nd ed.,Paris(1849),II.p.216.quoted form R.K.R.Thornton,“‘Decadence’in Later Nineteenth-Century England”,quoted form Ian Fletcher ed.,Decadence and The1890s(London:Butler&Tanner Ltd,1979)18.
(2)D.Nisard,Essais sur l'école romantique(Paris:CalmanLévy,1891)267.quoted form Matei Calinescu,Five Faces of Modernism:Modernism,Avant-Garde,Decadence,Kitsch,Postmodernism(Durham:Duke University Press,1987)161.
(3)Ian Fletcher ed.,Decadence and The 1890s,9~10.
(4)Charles Baudelaire,“Notes Nouvelles sur Edgar Poe”(1857),in Oeuvres Complètes(Paris:Gallimard,1976),vol.2,pp.319-320.quoted form Ellis Hanson,Decadence and Catholicism(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1997)3~4.
(5)Charles Baudelaire,“Notes Nouvelles sur Edgar Poe”(1857),in Oeuvres Complètes(Paris:Gallimard,1976),vol.2,p.334.quoted form Ellis Hanson,Decadence and Catholicism,4.
(6)T.Gautier,introduction to C.Baudelaire(1869)Les Fleurs de mal(Paris:Lévy)16-17;trans.C.Nissen.quoted form Marja H覿rm覿nmaa and Christopher Nissen,eds.,Decadence,Degeneration and the End(Palgrave Macmillan,2014)2.
(7)David Weir,Decadence and the Making of Modernism(Amherst:University of Massachusetts Press,1995)88.
(8)西方学者在处理颓废派问题时,多次引用和借鉴布尔热的《颓废的理论》。对这部分内容的完整英文翻译参见:New England Review30.2(2009):98-101.稍后本段中所涉及的部分加引号的引文,均出自此文本,不再一一注释。
(9)Jean Pierrot,The Decadent Imagination,1880-1900,Derek Coltmantrans.(Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1981)16.
(10)Views and Reviews,First Series,1932,51-53.quoted form R.K.R.Thornton,The Decadent Dilemma,38~39.
(11)Views and Reviews,First Series,1932,52.quoted form R.K.R.Thornton,The Decadent Dilemma,39.
(12)加尼尔就此观点展开的具体论述参见:Regenia Gagnier,Individualism,Decadence,and Globalization:On the Relation of Part to Whole,1895-1920(Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan,2009).
(13)The Century Guild Hobby Horse VI,p.65.quoted form Ian Fletcher ed.,Decadence and The 1890s,20.
(14)John P.Fraye,Madeline Marchaterre,eds.,Early Articles and Review(New York:Scribner,2004)335.
(15)Harper’s new monthly Magazine,1839.11,858-859.
(16)Arthur Symons,The Symbolist Movement in Literature(London:William Heinemann,1899).转引自柳杨编译《花非花---象征主义诗学》,旅游教育出版社1991年版,第67~68页。
(17)Vincent Sherry,Modernism and the Reinvention of Decadence(New York:Cambridge University Press,2015)5.
(18)The Century Guild Hobby Horse VI,p.65.quoted form Ian Fletcher ed.,Decadence and The 1890s,20.
(19)Le Gallienne,Retrospective Review,Vol.I,pp.24-5.quoted form Ian Fletcher ed.,Decadence and The 1890s,112.
基本信息:
DOI：10.14167/j.zjss.2017.03.016
中图分类号:I106
引用信息:
[1]杨希,蒋承勇.复杂而多义的“颓废”——19世纪西方文学中“颓废”内涵辨析[J].浙江社会科学,2017,No.247(03):115-121+159.DOI:10.14167/j.zjss.2017.03.016.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“19世纪西方文学思潮研究”(15ZDB086)的阶段性成果
2017-03-15
2017-03-15