浙江社会科学

海德格尔在《存在与时间》中关于死亡的生存论分析是哲学家中关于死亡的最深刻并且最富于启发性的思考。在通常观念中生死殊途，死是发生在人生之外的事情，因而死亡是无法“思考”和“言说”的。然而海德格尔却以生存可能性“打通”了生死，一方面把“去存在”理解为始终朝向可能性而在，另一方面把死亡解释为独具一格的特殊的可能性，于是“向死而在”就意味着“向可能性而在”，亦即向着此在最本己的存在而在。因而此在的生存活动并非实现着某种先在的“本质”或“潜能”，而是将可能性“收回”自身之中，成就着自己也成就着存在。

Heidegger's ontological analysis on death in Being and Time seems to be the most profound and inspiring thought among philosophers. It is the common notion that there is no room for death in real life, so we cannot “think upon” and “talk about” death. Heidegger, on the contrary, “connects” life and death through the possibility of existence: on the one hand, “to be” is understood as being towards possibility, and, on the other, death is interpreted as a distinct and unique possibility. Thus, “being towards death”means “being towards possibility”, that is to say, being towards Dasein's most authentic possibility. With this regard, Dasein's existential activities “take back” possibility instead of actualizing some priori “essence”or “potential” so as to accomplish itself as well as Being.