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在心灵主义进路的影响下自闭症一直被认为是由于心理理论模块功能障碍所导致的,然而很多早在儿童形成心理理论之前的婴儿时期就表现出的感官整合和身体知觉等方面的异常表明心理理论缺陷可能并不是自闭症的根源。现象学精神病理学把自闭症的紊乱根源定位于主体之间,强调要重视对自我觉知和意向性的描述。以身体自我障碍为主的自闭症的非社会性缺陷在以往研究中受到的关注度远不如社会性方面的缺陷,但越来越多的研究表明其对于自闭症的早期诊断和后期干预都有着重要的意义。现象学蕴涵了超越经验主义与理智主义的认识论优势,现象学精神病理学在一些疾病的探索中也起到了较大的推动作用。本文围绕自闭症的身体意象和身体图式受损、自我-他者分化障碍以及神经功能障碍等方面,给出基于现象学精神病理学视角的解读。
Abstract：Under the influence of mentalistic approach, autism has been thought to be caused by a dysfunction of Theory of Mind modules. However, many abnormalities in sensory integration and body perception that appeared in infancy, a developmental period long before the formation of children's theory of mind,indicate that the deficiency of theory of mind may not be the root of autism. Phenomenological psychopathology places the disorders of autism among subjects, and emphasizes the description of self-awareness and intentionality. For a long time, non-social deficits of autism, which are mainly bodily-self disorders, have received far less attention than social deficits, whilst more and more studies have shown that they are of great significant for the early diagnosis and intervention of autism. Phenomenology contains epistemological advantages over empiricism and rationalism, and phenomenological psychopathology also plays an important part in the exploration of some diseases. This paper focuses on the disorders of body image, body schema, self-other differentiation, and neural functions manifested among autism patients, and tries to give an interpretation from the perspective of phenomenological psychopathology.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14167/j.zjss.2020.04.012
中图分类号:R749.94
引用信息:
[1]张静,李琳.现象学精神病理学视野下自闭症的身体自我障碍[J].浙江社会科学,2020,No.284(04):99-107+115+158.DOI:10.14167/j.zjss.2020.04.012.
基金信息:
教育部人文社科规划青年基金项目“自我错觉对自我的审视——基于虚拟现实技术的研究”(编号：17YJCZH243)的阶段性成果
2020-04-13
2020-04-13