浙江社会科学

参考文献

1 最近的案例报道:2013年1月22日下午,北京空军总医院住院部15楼骨髓移植病房7号仓,白血病大学生吴志辉看起来乖巧、平静。他不知道,原定当天下午进行的造血干细胞移植,由于供体反悔已紧急取消。更揪人心的是,由于术前准备,他体内免疫系统尽毁,未来两天他将错过最佳治疗时机,生命危在旦夕。医院紧急改变治疗方案,让吴志辉的母亲代为担任骨髓捐献者。《手术前骨髓捐献人反悔,是否受法律约束》,载《检察日报》2013年1月25日第1版。

2 参见《手术前骨髓捐献人反悔,是否受法律约束》,载《检察日报》2013年1月25日第2版。

3 《合同法》第185条规定:“赠与合同是赠与人将自己的财产无偿给予受赠人,受赠人表示接受赠与的合同”,这就明确指出赠与合同的标的是财产;《人体器官移植条例》第2条规定:“从事人体细胞和角膜、骨髓等人体组织移植,不适用本条例。”

4 既有研究成果一般类推适用合同法相关规定或某些合同法理论而认为拒捐人应承担缔约过失责任或违约责任、信赖赔偿责任、损害赔偿责任等,相关文献参见:赵敏:《骨髓捐献人中途拒捐的民事责任探析——基于信赖保护的视角》,载《医学与哲学》2013年第7期。焦艳玲:《骨髓捐献志愿者拒捐致害责任的法律思考》,载《医学与哲学》2009年第5期。任学强、王建:《困境与出路:骨髓捐献的法理分析》,载《医学与哲学》2006年第6期。

56H.L.A Hart,The Concept of Law,Third Edition,Oxford University Press,2012,pp.7、6、198.

789Joseph Raz,“Promises and Obligations”,in Law,Morality and Society:Essays in Honor of H.L.A.Hart,P.M.S.Hacker and Joseph Raz(eds),Oxford:Clarendon Press,pp.218、227-228、217.

10 参见中华骨髓库(CMDP)网站,http://www.cmdp.com.cn/cmdpboard.do?method=show Content&board Id=91 &parent Id=9,2014-4-19访问。

参见中华骨髓库_百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=c LP_r DTIK699zn6I6Ou JF0ZA8aw Mzy1Y8f M7dh1y-9re Jbhs EIl JBXw Z1l-fbj6G#9,2014-4-19访问。

普遍认为这一区分与Kant相连,但是更远可以追溯到Grotius、Pufendorf,Mill也采用过这一区分。See Kant,Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals,Mary Gregor trs,Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy Series,CUP 1998.Mill,Utilitarianism and On Liberty(Including Mill’s‘Essay on Bentham’and selections from the writings of Jeremy Bentham and John Austin),SECOND EDITION,Edited with an Introduction by Mary Warnock,Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2003,p.222.See also Christine M.Korsgaard,“The Claims of Animals and the Needs of Strangers:Two Cases of Imperfect Rights”,in Journal of Practical Ethics(Forthcoming,2015),available at http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~korsgaar/CMK.Animals.Strangers.pdf.

See Hart,“Bentham on Legal Rights”,Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence,Second Series,ed.A.W.B.Simpson,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1973.关于这个例子参见F.M.Kamm,“Rights”,in Coleman and Shapiro(eds.),The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence&Philosophy of Law,Oxford University Press,2002,p.481.

Leslie Green,“Legal Obligation and Authority”,TheStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(Winter 2012 Edition),Edward N.Zalta?(ed.),http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2012/entries/legal-obligation/.原文如下:“The mark of[legal obligations’]content-independence is that their force does not depend on the nature or merits of the action they require.”

See Judith Thomson,The Realm of Rights,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1990.Rights,Restitution and Risk:Essays in Moral Theory,ed.W.A.Parent,Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1986.F.M.Kamm,“Rights”,in Coleman and Shapiro(eds.),The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence&Philosophy of Law,Oxford University Press,2002,p.478.

现实中发生过一个真实的案例,昆明拒捐案就是起因于捐献过程中的机器故障,导致捐献人愤而退出捐献。参见《拒捐骨髓志愿者称拒捐因惧医疗事故机器曾故障》,http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2011-07-28/122822893187.shtml,2014-5-30访问。

许多研究都提到了这一原则。参见《手术前骨髓捐献人反悔,是否受法律约束》,载《检察日报》2013年1月25日第1版。

Joseph Raz,“Rights and Individual Well-Being”,Ratio Juris,Vol.5,No.2,July 1992,p.128.

John Rawls,A Theory of Justice,Revised Edition,The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,1999,pp.98 、100.

Lon L.Fuller,The Morality of Law,Revised Edition,Yale University Press,1969,pp.5-6、9.

比如《新西兰骨髓捐赠登记标准》明文规定捐赠者不得处于任何压力下,且必须有权自由拒绝(The donor must not be put under any pressure and must feel free todecline)。

See Lon L.Fuller,The Morality of Law,Revised Edition,Yale University Press,1969,pp.70-79.

Nowell-Smith,Ethics,Harmond-sworth,Middlesex,Penguin Books,1954,p.246.

Protagoras 358b-c,See Sarah Stroud,“Weakness of Will”,The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy(Spring 2014Edition),Edward N.Zalta?(ed.),http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2014/entries/weakness-will/.

Nicholas Bunnin and Jiyuan Yu,The Blackwell Dictionary of Western Philosophy,Blackwell Publishing,2004,p.736.

National Marrow Donor Program22nd Edition Standards and Glossary(Effective Date:May 1,2014):9 .2210 The donation process and associated risks to the donor.9 .2220 The transplant process for the recipient.9 .2230 Right to withdraw at anytime,but extreme risk of death for the recipient if the donation is not completed once the preparative regimen is begun.9 .2240 Possibility that he/she may be asked to provide other cellular therapy products for the same recipient.

参见《捐髓反悔不危险不专业的爱心才危险》,http://news.163.com/special/reviews/bonemarrow0319.html,2015-1-10访问。