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实施渐进式延迟退休政策已迫在眉睫，识别现有退休制度下的退休行为对居民健康水平的影响具有现实意义。本文基于2011-2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据，采用模糊断点回归技术识别退休行为对老年男性自评健康的影响及机制路径。研究发现，虽然男性退休对自身自评健康影响不显著，但配偶退休会显著降低男性伴侣的自评健康水平，在进行一系列稳健性分析后结论仍然成立。此外，已退休和受教育程度较低的男性群体更容易受到配偶退休的负面冲击。机制研究发现，配偶隔代照料时间的提高和男性生活满意度的下降是配偶退休对伴侣自评健康产生消极影响的主要路径。本文研究结论有助于全方位认识退休政策的健康效应，为国家制定延迟退休政策提供启示。
Abstract：It is urgent to gradually delay the retirement age. Therefore, to identify the impact of retirement behavior on residents' health under the mandatory retirement policy is important.Using the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey for the period of 2011-2018, we implement a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to estimate the impact of the China's mandatory retirement policy on male's reported health. The result shows that male's retirement has no effects on his reported health, while his partner's retirement significantly impairs male's reported health. We also assess the heterogeneity in male's retirement status and education, and find that result is more significant among the retired male workers and the less-educated workers. We further find that the main mechanisms are the increase of female's grandchild care and the decrease of the male's life satisfaction. This paper provides implication for the formulation of the postponement of retirement policy and the related supporting measures. The finding reveals that it is important to fully understand the health effects of retirement policy, pay attention to the spillover effects of partner's retirement on male's health when implement the delayed retirement policy.The conclusions of this study are helpful to fully understand the health effects of retirement policies and the implementation of delay retirement policies.
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(1)中国女性群体退休之后的健康余寿要高于男性群体，故男性老年群体的健康更应该受到关注；另外，借鉴欧洲各国的经验，缩短退休年龄在性别上的差异似乎已是共识，而中国女性的法定退休年龄要比男性早10岁左右，故延迟退休政策的政策着力点可能在女性群体。综上，本文主要分析配偶退休对男性伴侣健康的影响。
(2)另外，本文采用交叉验证法（CV）来选取最优带宽，得到男性年龄下的最优带宽为9，配偶年龄下的最优带宽为9。并在最优带宽为9的情形下重新估计模型，发现结果并无差别。限于篇幅，留存备索。
(3)为降低两者之间的多重共线性问题，对受教育程度和配偶退休进行中心化处理。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14167/j.zjss.2023.04.012
中图分类号:D669.6;R-05
引用信息:
[1]王维国,刘斌,范丹.退休行为对老年人自评健康的影响——基于中国城镇男性的评价研究[J].浙江社会科学,2023,No.320(04):71-80+158-159.DOI:10.14167/j.zjss.2023.04.012.
2023-04-11
2023-04-11