浙江社会科学

人力资本是经济增长的重要驱动力。矫正劳动者教育错配，合理配置人力资本资源，提升人力资本产出效率，有利于我国经济迈进高质量发展阶段并实现可持续增长。本文筛选了CFPS2016中成人和家庭的数据，将劳动者分为低收入群体、中等收入群体及高收入群体，并对不同收入群体教育错配和薪资效应进行分析。研究发现：不同收入群体都存在着教育不足和过度教育现象，且不同收入群体间所表现出的教育错配特征存在明显差异。其中，教育不足多发生于低收入群体，过度教育多发生于高收入群体。从薪资效应来看，教育不足在低收入群体中产生薪资溢价，而在中等收入群体里带来薪资惩罚。过度教育在中等收入群体中带来薪资溢价，在高收入群体中，虽呈现溢价状态，但较工作适配者而言仍需承担一定的薪酬损失。

Human capital is an important driving force of economic growth. Therefore, correcting the mismatch of labor education, rationally allocating the resources of human capital and improving the efficiency of human capital can help China's economy move into a high-quality stage and achieve sustainable growth. This paper screened the data of adults and families in CFPS 2016, divided workers into low-income groups, middle-income groups and high-income groups, and analyzed the education mismatch and wage effect of different income groups. It is found that there are under-education and over-education phenomena in different income groups, and there are significant differences in the characteristics of educational mismatch between different income groups. Among them, under-education mostly occurs in low-income groups, and over-education mostly occurs in high-income groups. From the perspective of salary effect, insufficient education brings salary premium in low-income groups and salary punishment in middle-income groups. Overeducation brings a salary premium to the middle-income group. In the high-income group, although it is in a premium state, it still needs to bear a certain salary loss compared with the job fitters.