浙江社会科学

分配正义有两种不同的意指：一种关涉正义性质的一般指认，认为正义仅指或主要指分配领域的公正，分配正义即正义；一种关涉正义理论的特殊应用，分配正义指某种正义理论对分配关系或事务的基本观点。生产决定分配，生产力决定生产关系（主要即分配关系），马克思正义思想以生产为核心，是基于历史唯物主义的生产正义理论，因此不能在性质指认的意义上把马克思正义思想称为分配正义。亚里士多德以来的西方正义思想将正义理解为单纯的分配正义，忽视生产对分配的决定作用，并撇开具体的社会生活及其历史进程，对分配正义进行静止抽象的逻辑演绎，这种正义传统具有很大的思想局限。马克思正义思想在两个方面实现了对分配正义的超越：一是超越分配正义的道德理论局限，将正义证成为历史的客观必然性；二是超越分配正义静止的抽象性，将正义从空泛的抽象中解放出来，落实为具体的真理性。

Distributive justice has two different meanings. One refers to the general identification of the nature of justice,asserting that justice solely or primarily pertains to fairness in the sphere of distribution;thus,distributive justice is justice itself. The other relates to the specific application of a theory of justice,where distributive justice signifies the fundamental viewpoint of a certain theory of justice on distributive relations or affairs. Production determines distribution,and productive forces determine the relations of production(which are primarily relations of distribution). Marx's thought on justice,centered on production,is a theory of productive justice based on historical materialism. Therefore,Marx's thought on justice cannot be termed distributive justice in the sense of identifying its nature. Traditional Western distributive justice,since Aristotle,is criticized for ignoring production's role and for its static,abstract nature. Marx's thought on justice transcends distributive justice in two aspects:first,it transcends the moral theoretical limitations of distributive justice by demonstrating justice as an objective historical necessity;second,it transcends the static abstractness of distributive justice,liberating justice from vague abstraction and grounding it as concrete truth.