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大数据是近年来的流行词汇,一般而言是指大小超出了传统数据库软件工具的抓取、存储、管理和分析能力的数据群,这一新技术与概念广泛应用于多个不同的自然科学与社会科学领域,对这些领域产生革新性影响。然而,在大数据的发展中,即便其存续时间并不久远,但其概念与历史并不清楚,存在诸多争论。而从其认识论层面来说,这种技术的出现与应用蕴含着一定的范式转换,既表现在作为实验、理论、模拟之后的第四种科学范式,也作为其数据挖掘目标上由发现知识到发现"智慧"的转换。同样,随着大数据对人类的生活与发展在不同层面产生影响,其涉及各式各样的伦理问题,其中最为基础的则是从个体信息出发的认识论伦理。
Abstract：Big data is one of the most popular terms in recent years and it generally refers to the data group whose volume is out of the crawling,storing,managing and analyzing capacity of the traditional database software tools. As a new technology and conception,it has been widely applied to various fields of both natural science and social science where innovative influence is always emerging. However,there is still much debate on the concept and history of big data despite its short development from the outset. It is argued that the paradigm shift demonstrates epistemologically as two different levels and as a new paradigm after the experiment,theory and simulation and the goal of data mining changing from knowledge discovery to"wisdom"discovery. Also it is contended that the ethical issues in big data ought to be individualized epistemologically,since single and individual information is fundamentally the source of big data. It is called epistemological ethics. Though the technology and application of big data has led to much convenience to human,there are still many issues to be concerned.
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18五星标准指:(1)无论什么格式的数据都要上网,但其成为开放数据时需要有个开放证书。(2)上网数据应该是个机读结构数据(比如是excel而不是表格的图像扫描)。(3)对(2)所说的数据要运用非专有格式(如CSV而不是excel)。(4)除了上述三个标准,还要运用来自W3C(RDF与SPARQL)的开放标准来辨别事物,这样人们就能够确定你所说的内容。(5)除了以上标准外,再将你的数据与其他人的数据相关联以提供情境。
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14167/j.zjss.2015.09.014
中图分类号:B82-057;G201
引用信息:
[1]方环非.大数据:历史、范式与认识论伦理[J].浙江社会科学,2015,No.229(09):113-120+160+2.DOI:10.14167/j.zjss.2015.09.014.
2015-09-15
2015-09-15