浙江社会科学

中国文学在现代转型之际重构了文学与“现实”之间的关系，从传统的“载道”“诗教”“实用”等大文学观念向窄化的“纯文学”观念转变，构造了现有的文学结构与秩序。它以“审美”的名义放逐了传统“经世致用”的实用性文学，以“启蒙”的名义鄙视着“娱乐游戏”的文学。由此，另一半实用而保守的文学作品如通俗文学、民间文学、旧体诗词、传统戏曲等或被摒弃在主流文学史之外，或在与主流文学史的交锋中不断挣扎以求一席之地。各类文学、各体文学之间更缺乏彼此的沟通和整体观照的学术视野。在延续至今的文学创作及其评价系统中，左翼传统、群众文艺、改革小说等与“现实”联系更为密切的创作均在不同程度上被低估，文体多样化、文类多元化受到局限。随着网络文学的崛起，文学生产体制发生变革，素人写作、打工文学等现象的涌现，作者、读者群体的扩容，文学的跨媒介扩张，在重构文学外部生态的同时，亦通过文学与“现实”的重新深度融合，重构着文学内部的等级秩序与价值体系。

During the modern transformation of Chinese literature,the relationship between literature and“reality”was restructured. From the traditional“propagating moral values”“poetic education”“practicality”and other macro-literary concepts,it shifted to the narrower concept of“pure literature”,constructing the existing literary structure and order. In the name of“aesthetics”,it exiled the practical literature that was traditionally“practical and useful”;in the name of“enlightenment”,it disdained literature for“entertainment and recreation”. Consequently,the other category of practical and conservative literary works—including popular literature,folk literature,old-style poetry,and traditional opera—were either excluded from the mainstream literary history or struggled constantly in the confrontation with the mainstream literary history in order to gain a place. There was a lack of communication and an integrated academic perspective across different literary genres and forms. This legacy continues to influence contemporary literary creation and its evaluation system. Works more closely connected to“reality”,such as the left-wing tradition,mass literature,reform novels,etc.,were underestimated to varying degrees. The diversity of genres and the diversification of literary categories were limited. With the rise of online literature,transformations in literary production systems,the emergence of phenomena like amateur writing and migrant labors' literature,the expansion of writer and reader demographics,and the cross-media expansion of literature,the external ecology of literature is being reshaped. Simultaneously,through a deeper engagement with“reality,“ the internal hierarchy and value system of literature are being reconfigured.