| 8,943 | 217 | 310 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
在风险社会与数字时代的双重背景下，应用数字技术提升应急管理能力，通过数字化发展推动应急管理体制机制创新成为不二选择。已有研究与实践多从技术赋能视角出发，较为忽视应急管理能力提升背后的治理模式变迁与制度再生产。技术赋能与互动调适为数字时代的模式创新进行了前期探索，为应急管理体制机制的系统变迁奠定了基础；而系统重塑则主要依托顶层设计来完成，通过总结前期变革的经验与成果，从被动适应转向自主变革。一方面，数字技术具有海量数据汇聚、算法模型驱动、开源生态建构等关键特性，能够推动数字技术与传统机制互动调适，衍生出“清晰治理”、“关口前移”、“开放共享”等模式创新；另一方面，为消弭数字化发展与已有制度体系之间的张力，公共部门应遵循平台逻辑推动制度重塑。平台可以依托调适性的权力结构、灵活的分工重组与包容性的参与形式，建立更具适应性与成长性的弹性体制，并在此基础上推动应急管理信息机制与协作机制的结构性转变。
Abstract：Under the dual background of risk society and digital era, the application of digital technology to enhance emergency management capacity and promote institutional innovation have become the obvious choice. Most researches and practices have been conducted from the perspective of technology empowerment, neglecting the change of governance model and institutional remodeling behind the improvement of emergency management capacity. On the one hand, digital technology has the key characteristics of massive data aggregation, algorithm model-driven, open source ecological construction, etc. It is helpful to form the thinking of “holistic and intelligent governance” in practical application and promote the adaptation of digital technology and traditional mechanisms, leading to “clear governance”, “advanced prevention”,“open sharing”and other model innovations. On the other hand, in order to eliminate the contradiction between digital development and the obsolete institutional system, the governmentshould follow the platform logic to promote institutional remodeling. The platform can build a flexible system, which is more adaptive and growth-oriented, based on adaptive power structures, flexible division of labor reorganizations and more inclusive forms of participation. On this basis, the platform can promote the structural transformation of emergency management information and collaboration mechanism.
(1)郁建兴、黄飚：《超越政府中心主义治理逻辑如何可能---基于“最多跑一次”改革的经验》，《政治学研究》2019年第2期。
(2)[德]乌尔里希·贝克：《风险社会》，张文杰等译，译林出版社2018年版，第7~8页。
(3)关婷、薛澜、赵静：《技术赋能的治理创新：基于中国环境领域的实践案例》，《中国行政管理》2019年第4期。
(4)Mousavi,S.M.,Ellsworth,W.L.,Zhu,WQ.,Chuang,L.Y.,&Beroza,G.C.Earthquake TransformerAn Attentive Deep-learning Model for Simultaneous Earthquake Detection and Phase Picking[J].Nature Communications,2020,11(1),3952.
(5)张海波：《信访大数据与社会风险预警》，《学海》2017年第6期。
(6)周慎、朱旭峰、薛澜：《人工智能在突发公共卫生事件管理中的赋能效用研究---以全球新冠肺炎疫情防控为例》，《中国行政管理》2020年第10期。
(7)董青岭：《新冠疫情与大数据：迈向人工智能时代的安全治理》，《国际政治研究》2020年第3期。
(8)欧阳桃花、郑舒文、程杨：《构建重大突发公共卫生事件治理体系：基于中国情景的案例研究》，《管理世界》2020年第8期。
(9)Leonardi,P.M.Activating the Informational Capabilities of Information Technology for Organizational Change[J].Organization Science,2007,18(5),813~831.
(10)Agostino,D.,Arnaboldi,M.,&Lema,M.D.New Development:COVID-19 as An Accelerator of Digital Transformation in Public Service Delivery[J].Public Money&Management,2021,41(1),69~72.
11邱泽奇：《技术与组织的互构---以信息技术在制造企业的应用为例》，《社会学研究》2005年第2期。
12 Vonk,G.,Geertman,S.,&Schot,P.New Technologies Stuck in Old Hierarchies:The Diffusion of Geo‐information Technologies in Dutch Public Organizations[J].Public Administration Review,2007,67(4),745~756.
13郁建兴、黄飚：《“整体智治”：公共治理创新与信息技术革命互动融合》，《光明日报》2020年6月12日。
14 Lee,M.M.,Zhang,N.Legibility and the Informational Foundations of State Capacity[J].Journal of Politics,2017,79(1),118~132.
15陈潭、王鹏：《大数据驱动公共卫生应急治理的智慧表征与实践图景》，《电子政务》2021年第6期。
16张海波：《应急管理的全过程均衡：一个新议题》，《中国行政管理》2020年第3期。
17 Kelling,S.,Hochachka,W.M.,&Fink,D,et al.Data-intensive Science:A New Paradigm for Biodiversity Studies[J].Bio Science,2009,59(7),613~620.
18 Carneiro,H.A.,Mylonakis,E.Google Trends:A WebBased Tool for Real-Time Surveillance of Disease Outbreaks[J].Clinical Infectious Diseases,2009,49(10),1557~1564.
19薛澜、刘冰：《应急管理体系新挑战及其顶层设计》，《国家行政学院学报》2013年第1期。
20 Ho,ATK.Reinventing Local Governments and the E‐Government Initiative[J].Public Administration Review,2002,62(4),434~444.
21 Zammuto,R.,Griffith,T.,&Majchrzak,A.,et al.Information Technology and the Changing Fabric of Organization[J].Organization Science,2007,18(5),749~762.
22 Onorati,T.,&Díaz,P.Giving Meaning to Tweets in Emergency Situations:A Semantic Approach for Filtering and Visualizing Social Data[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(1),1782.
23童星：《从科层制管理走向网络型治理---社会治理创新的关键路径》，《学术月刊》2015年第10期。
24[德]马克斯·韦伯：《经济与社会（下卷）》，林荣远译，商务印书馆1998年版，第309页。
25 Christensen,T.,Laegreid,P.,&Rykkja,L.H.Organizing for Crisis Management:Building Governance Capacity and Legitimacy[J].Public Administration Review,2016,76(6),887~897.
26 Ciborra,C.U.The Platform Organization:Recombining Strategies,Structures,and Surprises[J].Organization Science,1996,7(2),103~118.
27 35 O’Reilly,T.Government as a Platform[J].Innovations:Technology,Governance,Globalization,2011,6 (1):13~40.
28 Janowski,T.,Estevez,E.,&Baguma,R.Platform Governance for Sustainable Development:Reshaping Citizenadministration Relationships in the Digital Age[J].Government Information Quarterly,2018,35(4),S1~S16.
29 Ansell,C.,&Gash,A.Collaborative Platforms as AGovernance Strategy[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,2018,28(1),16~32.
30 Shen,YD.,Cheng,Y.,&Yu JX.From Recovery Resilience to Transformative Resilience:How Digital Platforms Reshape Public Service Provision Duringand Post COVID-19[J].Public Management Review,2022,DOI:10.1080/14719037.2022.2033052.
31宋锴业：《中国平台组织发展与政府组织转型---基于政务平台运作的分析》，《管理世界》2020年第11期。
32 33 Ansell,C.,&Miura,S.Can the Power of Platforms be Harnessed for Governance?[J].Public Administration,2020,98(1),261~276.
34 Brown,A.,Fishenden,J.,Thompson,M.,&Venters,W.Appraising the Impact and Role of Platform Models and Government as a Platform (Gaa P) in UK Government Public Service Reform:Towards a Platform Assessment Framework(PAF)[J].Government Information Quarterly,2017,34 (2),167~182.
36高翔、郁建兴：《新冠肺炎疫情防控中的公共治理机制：信息、决策与执行》，《治理研究》2020年第2期。
37 Robinson,S.E.,Pudlo,J.M.,&Wehde,W.The New Ecology of Tornado Warning Information:A Natural Experiment Assessing Threat Intensity and Citizen-to-Citizen Information Sharing[J].Public Administration Review,2019,79(6),905~916.
38 Brandsen,T.,&Honingh,M.Distinguishing Different Types of Coproduction:A Conceptual Analysis Based on the Classical Definitions[J].Public Administration Review,2016,76(3),427~435.
39 43 Gao,X.,&Tan,J.From Web to Weber:Understanding the Case of“One-go at Most”as Ict-driven Government Reform in Contemporary China[J].China Review,2020,20(3),71~97.
40 Wukich,C.More Monitoring,Less Coordination:Twitter and Facebook Use between Emergency Management A-gencies[J].Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management,2020,17(3）.
41 Jung,K.,Song,M.,&Park,H.J.The Dynamics of an Interorganizational Emergency Management Network:Interdependent and Independent Risk Hypotheses[J].Public Administration Review,2019,79(2),225~235.
42孟天广：《政府数字化转型的要素、机制与路径-----兼论“技术赋能”与“技术赋权”的双向驱动》，《治理研究》2021年第1期。
44 Volkoff,O.,Strong,D.M.,&Elmes,M.B.Technological Embeddedness and Organizational Change[J].Organization Science,2007,18(5):832~848.
45彭亚平：《技术治理的悖论：一项民意调查的政治过程及其结果》，《社会》2018年第3期。
基本信息:
DOI：10.14167/j.zjss.2022.05.007
中图分类号:D63
引用信息:
[1]郁建兴,陈韶晖.从技术赋能到系统重塑：数字时代的应急管理体制机制创新[J].浙江社会科学,2022,No.309(05):66-75+157.DOI:10.14167/j.zjss.2022.05.007.
基金信息:
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中加快实现共同富裕研究”（批准号：21JZD019）
2022-05-10
2022-05-10