浙江社会科学

科举考试具有文化传承、文化熏陶和文化塑造的功能。在价值观塑造上体现为:统一的标准、均等的机会和客观的选拔方式所启示和强化的民主平等观念;内容和标准的高度统一所强化的重群体轻个体的价值取向。在思维方式塑造上体现为:求同思维发达和求异思维相对受到压抑,既有强化向心力、凝聚力的优点,也有阻碍创新的缺点。科举考试体现了前程向人们开放的理念,造成了良性的社会流动,是中国古代的文化盛宴和精神图腾。高考延续了科举的基因,高考改革已经由政治经济驱动、教育驱动进入文化驱动的阶段。高考由精神图腾回归教育家园经历三步:去科举化、去选官化(与干部身份脱钩);去精英化(扩招);去仪式化。在深化高考改革以激发学生的主体性和创新能力的同时,统一考试特有的强化国家意志和向心力、凝聚力的优点必须保留。

The imperial examination has the function of cultural inheritance, cultural influence and cultural shaping. It reflected in the value creation: uniform standards, equal opportunity and objective selection method which inspirit and strengthen the democratic equality concept; high unity of content and standard which strengthen the value orientation called heavy group light individual. In the way of thinking is reflected in: convergent thinking developed and divergent thinking is relatively suppressed, it not only has the advantages of strengthening the centripetal force and cohesion, but also has the shortcomings of hinder innovation.The imperial examination shows the idea that the future is open to people, which creates a favorable socialflow. It is a cultural feast and spiritual totem in ancient China. The college entrance examination continues the imperial examination gene.The college entrance examination reform has driven by political economic, education, and now to the cultural drive stage.The college entrance examination return to education homeland from spiritual totem experienced three steps: removal of the imperial examination, removal of official selection(decoupling from the cadre status), removal of elite(increase enrollment) and removal of ritual(high school academic proficiency test and middle school evaluation include the college entrance examination, increase in the number of times). While deepening the reform of college entrance examination to stimulate students' subjectivity and creativity, we must keep the advantages of unified examination to strengthen national will and cohesion.