浙江社会科学

人类的社会治理是通过组织这种形式开展的,而迄今为止的一切组织都包含着一种控制导向。这种控制导向在组织内部表现为"管理就是控制"。在组织的外向作用过程中,则表现为对环境的控制。在政府这里,则表现为对社会的控制。应当承认,直到20世纪后期,组织的控制导向都是有效的,能够取得合目的性的结果。然而,随着后工业化脚步的加快,人类社会进入了高度复杂性和高度不确定性的状态,使组织的控制导向面临着失灵的危险。基于此而回观组织的控制导向,可以发现,在组织的控制导向中实际上一直存在着一种无法解决的悖论,只不过后工业化进程中的高度复杂性和高度不确定性使组织的这种控制悖论更加清晰地表现了出来,并宣布了一切控制都丧失了合理性。

The governance of human society is carried out by organizations, and all the organizations so far have a control-orientation, which is expressed as "to manage is to control" in organizations, behaves as the control of environment in the outward actions of organizations, and performs as the control of society for the government. It should be admitted that the control-orientation of organizations was effective and functional up to the late 20th century, but since the acceleration of post-industrialization, human society has been filled with high complexity and high uncertainty, so that the control-orientation of organizations faced the danger of failure. Reconsidering the control-orientation of organizations, it can be found that there is always a paradox of control which can never be solved. Only with the emergence of high complexity and high uncertainty in the process of post-industrialization, this paradox is unprecedented clear, which shows that all kinds of control have lost their reasonableness.