浙江社会科学

二战后,几乎所有的欧洲社会民主主义政党都走上了通过福利国家来实现自己目标的改良主义道路。"福利国家"主要是指在社会民主主义的倡导下形成的以混合经济、充分就业、公平分配、社会福利和保障为主要特征的国家模式。福利国家的实践,在经济、政治、社会等等方面都取得了有目共睹的成就。而且,也体现出社会民主主义对自由主义及其个人主义、资本主义的批判性和超越性。这种批判性和超越性既反映在其积极的自由观、平等公正观、互助的原则、经济计划化和公有经济、资产阶级权利的削弱和工人阶级民主权利的加强,也反映在新自由主义对其的强烈批评中。然而,这种批判性和超越性是局限在资本主义的制度和框架内的,是非制度性的。这至少表现在:在社会民主主义福利国家的理论和实践中,社会主义从以生产资料公有制为基础和特征的制度退到了分配收入领域中的调节;福利国家的基础是资本主义私有经济;福利国家的实质是"福利资本主义"。福利国家不是社会主义国家。

After the Second World War, welfare state has become the way of reformism for almost all the European democratic parties to achieve their goals."The welfare state", having taken shape under the advocacy of social democracy, mainly refers to the national model whose main features include mixed economy, full employment, fair distribution, social welfare and security. The practice of welfare state has made remarkable achievements in economy, politics, society and so on. Moreover, it also reflects the criticism and transcendence of social democracy to liberalism, individualism and capitalism. The criticism or transcendence is reflected in the positive view of freedom, the view of justice and equality, the principle of mutual assistance, the economic planning and the public economy, the weakening of bourgeois rights and the reinforcement of the democratic rights of the working class. It is also reflected in the strong criticism of the new liberalism to it. However, this kind of criticism or transcendence, limited in the system and the framework ofthe capitalism, is not institutional. This is at least embodied in the following aspects: in the theory and practice of social democratic welfare state, the socialism has retreated to the adjustment in the field of income distribution from the system whose foundation and characteristics is the public ownership of productive means; the foundation of welfare state is the capitalist private economy; the essence of welfare state is"Welfare capitalism". Welfare state does not mean a socialist country.